View Full Version : New production car world record ....by Koenigsegg CCR!!!!!!!
watanabaipul
03-02-2005, 12:15 AM
388km/h set at Nardo, i knew koenigseggy could do it
here are some links:
http://www.koenigsegg.com/
http://www.salon-auto.ch/en/exposants/tribune/index.php?idIndex=&idContent=12757
theres a few more links but theres bound to be much more later
SilviaEvo
03-02-2005, 12:33 AM
how much is that in MPH?!!? good job Koenigsegg they really had it cut out for them
edit: 241.10 damn
gobs3z
03-02-2005, 12:36 AM
i have it as 240.56 mph, but i guess that could be off by a little bit.
JiggaStyles09
03-02-2005, 12:39 AM
its about 241 miles per hour.....but i thought 241 was the F1s speed record? on the site it says ~231mph. anyways thats very interesting news thanks for the link :D
gobs3z
03-02-2005, 12:45 AM
its about 241 miles per hour.....but i thought 241 was the F1s speed record? on the site it says ~231mph. anyways thats very interesting news thanks for the link :D
I thought mcclarens was 241 too, so i'm kind of confused.
ferrari550
03-02-2005, 12:51 AM
on the mclaren f1 top speed video, the driver says 391KPH, so whatever that works out to be.
Chaos in 1983!
03-02-2005, 12:57 AM
I also thought it was 241? wierd...so did it break it or not?
sentra_dude
03-02-2005, 01:02 AM
on the mclaren f1 top speed video, the driver says 391KPH, so whatever that works out to be.
The digital speedometer thing in the McLaren was slightly mis-calibrated, and indicating higher than actual. The F1's is officially 240.1mph, independently verified at the VW track.
Pretty impressive, although it'd be better if they could beat the record by a little bit bigger margin...as it stands the difference could be a result of conditions, I'd like to see a more resounding margin of victory for the CCR.
gobs3z
03-02-2005, 01:05 AM
on the mclaren f1 top speed video, the driver says 391KPH, so whatever that works out to be.
The digital speedometer thing in the McLaren was slightly mis-calibrated, and indicating higher than actual. The F1's is officially 240.1mph, independently verified at the track.
Pretty impressive, although it'd be better if they could beat the record by a little bit bigger margin...as it stands the difference could be conditions, I'd like to see a resounding number.
Well they tested the car at Nardo which is not where the McLaren did it's record run. I assume if the Konig ran the 9 mile straight that the McLaren did, then the margin would be larger between the 2 top speeds.
sentra_dude
03-02-2005, 01:14 AM
on the mclaren f1 top speed video, the driver says 391KPH, so whatever that works out to be.
The digital speedometer thing in the McLaren was slightly mis-calibrated, and indicating higher than actual. The F1's is officially 240.1mph, independently verified at the track.
Pretty impressive, although it'd be better if they could beat the record by a little bit bigger margin...as it stands the difference could be conditions, I'd like to see a resounding number.
Well they tested the car at Nardo which is not where the McLaren did it's record run. I assume if the Konig ran the 9 mile straight that the McLaren did, then the margin would be larger between the 2 top speeds.
Yes of course, but I mean...right now its pretty trivial difference, yes, its faster, but I'd just like to see something that really says the CCR is faster. So they should pack up and head to Germany. :D
gobs3z
03-02-2005, 01:17 AM
on the mclaren f1 top speed video, the driver says 391KPH, so whatever that works out to be.
The digital speedometer thing in the McLaren was slightly mis-calibrated, and indicating higher than actual. The F1's is officially 240.1mph, independently verified at the track.
Pretty impressive, although it'd be better if they could beat the record by a little bit bigger margin...as it stands the difference could be conditions, I'd like to see a resounding number.
Well they tested the car at Nardo which is not where the McLaren did it's record run. I assume if the Konig ran the 9 mile straight that the McLaren did, then the margin would be larger between the 2 top speeds.
Yes of course, but I mean...right now its pretty trivial difference, yes, its faster, but I'd just like to see something that really says the CCR is faster. So they should pack up and head to Germany. :D
Agreed!! Germany it is! I dunno who the official top speed recorder is, do we have to wait for Guinnes World Records to come out?
watanabaipul
03-02-2005, 01:24 AM
yeah, i think right now its just better to compare koenigsegg's top speed at nardo with mclarens top speed at nardo which is 372 vs 388.
and yeah, even seen absolutely, it did break it 387.87kmh (koenigsegg) vs 386.7(mclaren)
HeilSvenska
03-02-2005, 01:41 AM
!!!!! Finally the day as come! Der Königsegg ist wirkliche König!
Apac102
03-02-2005, 02:09 AM
Wonderful news!! THe Mclaren had to be booted....its been too long. Good to see a new top dog.
caneswell
03-02-2005, 06:16 AM
Why doesn't anyone use the same test track Mclaren used, anymore?
DeMoN
03-02-2005, 07:11 AM
It has to be officially tested with the guys from the guiness to officially beat McLaren, till then GOOO McLaren!!!
I dont like the looks of the Koenigsegg except when the doors open.
saadie
03-02-2005, 07:16 AM
FINALLY !!!
SPEEDCORE
03-02-2005, 07:39 AM
edit: Woops i didnt read production car record, as Calloway isnt Production car but still it hit 411km/h ;)
yg60m
03-02-2005, 08:08 AM
on the mclaren f1 top speed video, the driver says 391KPH, so whatever that works out to be.
The digital speedometer thing in the McLaren was slightly mis-calibrated, and indicating higher than actual. The F1's is officially 240.1mph, independently verified at the VW track.
Pretty impressive, although it'd be better if they could beat the record by a little bit bigger margin...as it stands the difference could be a result of conditions, I'd like to see a more resounding margin of victory for the CCR.
It wasn't mis-calibrated, the McLaren speed was the average speed of both side of the track to take wind into account. It really hit 391 but the average speed was 386. :wink:
Anyway the CCR speed is impressive, it could make even more on a straight line I think.
I've never thought the Egg was gonna make it as some of the tests were a bit unsatisfying...Hail the Egg.
mindgam3
03-02-2005, 10:01 AM
Congrats to koenigsegg!
Although I still don't think they're chassis is as sorted as the competitors given that the CC8 was roughly had the same time as the zonda even though the zonda has 100bhp less....
Even so, IMO its a stunning car, i'd prefer a macca, but would the the CCR over the veyron anyday
Ghostbat
03-02-2005, 11:30 AM
Well, only the Koenigsegg could beat the 9ff... so it's not that surprising, it was just a matter of time. What I like now is that the record holder, the Koenigsegg, is a "real" manufacturer car, not just a tuned version of another car (as the 9ff).
And I'm guessing that Koenigsegg don't remove their sidemirrors when they go for a record..
bmagni
03-02-2005, 11:36 AM
So now more and more people are gonna like the CCR and will start calling it the ultimate car !!! hahaha
One of the ultimate cars,but not the ultimate one.
You see in this type of cars performance is so good,that what metters is beauty,sound and fun, when you drive something like this. :wink:
I prefer the Ferrari F40 or the Mclaren F1,but the CCR still is a better car, a true supercar.
This car for me is a "Sweedish Rocket". :D
|Nuno|
03-02-2005, 03:47 PM
Couldn't care less about top speed records but still, congrats to Koenigsegg.
Fleischmann
03-02-2005, 04:12 PM
It was abvoius this car would be the fastest and it was just a question of time. The koenigsegg may win the speed title, but the Macca wins my heart. 10 years it took them (how long did the modded Porsche hold the record for?? A week ?? LMAO :D ) Now it's the Veyrons turn...
gobs3z
03-02-2005, 04:58 PM
You also have to remember that when the McLaren did it's record run it wasn't done in street trim, as i recall the rev limiter was raised and so was the gearing. The konig did it all in street trim with how you would buy it from the factory but with extra weight from a roll cage and safety equipment.
Sir_GT
03-02-2005, 05:28 PM
You also have to remember that when the McLaren did it's record run it wasn't done in street trim, as i recall the rev limiter was raised and so was the gearing. The konig did it all in street trim with how you would buy it from the factory but with extra weight from a roll cage and safety equipment.
IIRC, the Macca's limiter wasn't exactly modified... it actually can be removed automatically via satellite. All the driver has to do is phone up McLaren and tell them he needs the limiter removed. The current boss of Bugatti usually does this apparently.
I'm still unconvinced by the Konig though. I've spoken to a few people who have personally driven the Macca (one of which is a stunt director), and the most telling description they gave was that the Macca wasn't particularly frightening. It simply did as it was told... very easy to drive.
Which isn't what I hear about the Egg.
findleybeast
03-02-2005, 06:40 PM
I'm not surprised that the CCR was able to break the record, but I am very impressed that it did it at Nardo. I'd love to see what it could do at Ehra Lessen.
mike_sayer
03-02-2005, 07:02 PM
That's fucking awesome, nice of Koenigsegg to finally back up their claims, but man they gotta put it somewhere straight and max it out properly. Also good to see them not doing what the 9ff had to recently, applying duct tape to all the shut lines, etc.
Hopefully, they'll go all the way and see what that car can really do...
Akmon
03-02-2005, 07:07 PM
ya,great news.but will the koenigsegg beat the McLaren on the track?
no!
And what if a supercharged McLaren F1 should have been done.Would beat the segg 2 pieces.I still think the F1 is the queen of the supercars,hasn't been beaten yet.Maybe the Veyron,but I really don't think so!
Ive always like Koni, and im glad they did it and not bugatti, with a Ford Engine at that. 8)
|Nuno|
03-02-2005, 08:13 PM
ya,great news.but will the koenigsegg beat the McLaren on the track?
no!
I wouldn't be so sure. :wink:
HeilSvenska
03-02-2005, 09:11 PM
ya,great news.but will the koenigsegg beat the McLaren on the track?
no!
And what if a supercharged McLaren F1 should have been done.Would beat the segg 2 pieces.I still think the F1 is the queen of the supercars,hasn't been beaten yet.Maybe the Veyron,but I really don't think so!
Supercharged McLaren F1? Why not equip the Koenigsegg CCR with the BMW V12 instead? And Veyron can't beat shit now. It's too heavy.
Someone should really get CCR and F1 together and have a test.
HeilSvenska
03-02-2005, 09:15 PM
Why doesn't anyone use the same test track Mclaren used, anymore?
What? VW Ehra-Lessien test facility? I doubt that VW will let the car (Koenigsegg CCR) that threatens one of its own car's (Bugatti Veyron's) future.
bmagni
03-03-2005, 12:59 AM
10 years it took them
building speed is so easy, Audi's F1s from the 50's could go above 400 km/h, i mean if its about getting the top speed record it would have taken any company 1 hour to beat that record with a road legal car.
sentra_dude
03-03-2005, 01:11 AM
10 years it took them
building speed is so easy, Audi's F1s from the 50's could go above 400 km/h, i mean if its about getting the top speed record it would have taken any company 1 hour to beat that record with a road legal car.
So why didn't any company that had one 1hr do it?
Remember that road cars have to fill a number of security issues,that don´t exists in a race car...
mindgam3
03-03-2005, 07:26 AM
10 years it took them
building speed is so easy, Audi's F1s from the 50's could go above 400 km/h, i mean if its about getting the top speed record it would have taken any company 1 hour to beat that record with a road legal car.
Plus 50's cars generated jack shit downforce...
bmagni
03-03-2005, 12:07 PM
10 years it took them
building speed is so easy, Audi's F1s from the 50's could go above 400 km/h, i mean if its about getting the top speed record it would have taken any company 1 hour to beat that record with a road legal car.
So why didn't any company that had one 1hr do it?
cause they dont care, if it had been THAT importand dont u think Ferrari or Porsche, even Mercedes would have already made something faster ??
Ive said this so many times, the Enzo was supposed to go above 400 km/h, but they didnt do it cause it would sacrifice other performance aspects (like the mclaren).
Even that guy Murray said "we thought Ferrari was gonna release a faster car within months, but they didnt do it", once again, why ? cause its not important for them. Having the top speed record of production cars doesnt mean its the best supercar.
TransAm
03-03-2005, 01:25 PM
I just got an email abotu this from BSR (Saab tuners)
News from BSR / Nyheter från BSR
>> BSR and world record !
On February the 28th 2005, at 12.08 local time, the Koenigsegg CCR
broke the production road car speed record, achieving a new official
top speed of 388 (387.87) km/h.
BSR technician team who have participate in the development of the
engine, have definitely a great part of the success.
More info: http://www.bsr-sweden.com/news/124/
>> Sports Exhaust Systems for Volvo AWD
BSR now offer sports exhaust systems, these are available
for most AWD Volvo applications. This system is full stainless
steel in construction and also carries a 36 month warranty.
S60: http://www.bsr-sweden.com/products/n39/a/
V70N/XC70: http://www.bsr-sweden.com/products/n320/a/
Best Regards
BSR Svenska AB
http://www.bsr-sweden.com/
1zippo1
03-03-2005, 01:47 PM
Interesting news but I'm not that amazed. After all the macca's record stood for a very very long time. It's impressive that it reached such a speed at Nardo but couldn't it be for a reason that they did it there.
Ok, this may sound stupid, but follow me for a second. First of allI have my doubt about the Koenigseggs high speed stability. They have been shouting it out around the world that the CC8 was the worlds fastest car, but in all the years that it has been out, they never really proved their claim. I don't think it's that it can't reach that speed, but that it's not stable enough. Ok I know I'm far from an expert on this subject, this is all based on things I've been hearing. But you have to admit, why did they never tried it with the CC8. With the CCR they did, but at Nardo, where the top speed reached isn't really optimal. At nardo you have a lot more downpressure on the car, that keeps it sticking to the road... If you would try it on a straight I think the car would probably lose grip.
And second of all, the difference really isn't big is it. With 12years between the cars and a lot more hp... not that spectacular IMO.
Anyway, that's just me, and as allways I'm the first to say that what I say is a suspicion and not anywhere near a fact.
Just because I am editing my pics, here it is the CCR that did it :)
Well, I suppose this was the actual car, but not really sure LOL
http://img235.exs.cx/img235/9826/koenigseggccr016xp.th.jpg (http://img235.exs.cx/my.php?loc=img235&image=koenigseggccr016xp.jpg)
Ghostbat
03-03-2005, 03:14 PM
Interesting news but I'm not that amazed. After all the macca's record stood for a very very long time. It's impressive that it reached such a speed at Nardo but couldn't it be for a reason that they did it there.
Ok, this may sound stupid, but follow me for a second. First of allI have my doubt about the Koenigseggs high speed stability. They have been shouting it out around the world that the CC8 was the worlds fastest car, but in all the years that it has been out, they never really proved their claim. I don't think it's that it can't reach that speed, but that it's not stable enough. Ok I know I'm far from an expert on this subject, this is all based on things I've been hearing. But you have to admit, why did they never tried it with the CC8. With the CCR they did, but at Nardo, where the top speed reached isn't really optimal. At nardo you have a lot more downpressure on the car, that keeps it sticking to the road... If you would try it on a straight I think the car would probably lose grip.
And second of all, the difference really isn't big is it. With 12years between the cars and a lot more hp... not that spectacular IMO.
Anyway, that's just me, and as allways I'm the first to say that what I say is a suspicion and not anywhere near a fact.
Actually they want to test the CCR on a straight road because it can't reach the revlimiter at Nardo, it only reaches 6750rpm. On a straight road the CCR would be able to reach it's full power of 806bhp at 6900rpm and 395km/h. At least that's what the people of Koenigsegg say.
ikon2003
03-03-2005, 04:56 PM
^Yes, that is true. But even more profound: you were wondering why the CC8S couldn't break the record? Even though the aerodynamics, power/weight would indicate the CC8S would break the F1 record, the Mclaren F1 that set that 240.1mph record was NOT stock - it was an XP5 prototype w/ modified aerodynamics and increased horsepower (in the 680-690bhp range).
[I have a letter written by gordon murray himself to evo magazine admiting that the XP prototypes were more powerful, lighter and faster than the stock F1s, if anyone is skeptical]
The XP3 prototype which set the Nardo top speed record (bhp: 660) went 372kph = 231.2mph. The CC8S went nearly the same speed, 231mph, (according to koenigsegg) at nardo "before the rain fell" and they had to stop testing. (interestingly, they never went back to nardo as they prolly realized they would never set the record there).
So, the fact that the CCR hit 388 on the banked track (where centrifugal equilibrium = 150mph), with (from all i know) a completely stock car (indicative via the pictures) is a big deal, and a fantastic accomplishment for koenigsegg.
Edit: Some interesting stuff i found on koenigsegg.com
Other interesting data from the Nardo test
Max temperatures (in degree Celsius) during 40 seconds of full throttle:
Ambient temperature: 8, Tires: 64, Engine coolant: 91, Intake air after intercooler: 64, Gearbox oil 94 degrees, Engine oil 112.
68 litre of fuel at the start of the test.
Car Set-up:
Standard road car fuel, Standard CCR Michelin tires, Standard ride height of the car, standard engine configuration, standard wheel geometries, standard gearbox, standard clutch, standard brakes, standard over boost pressure from the superchargers.
Test safety equipment:
Roll cage, 4 point safety belts, Fire extinguisher system, logging for data collection.
Comparison chart results at Nardo/Prototipo for Production cars:
1. Koenigsegg CCR 388 km/h
2. McLaren F1 372 km/h
3. Ferrari Enzo 355 km/h
4. Porsche Carrera GT 334 km/h
4. McLaren Mercedes SLR 334 km/h
5. Lamborghini Murcielago 330 km/h
Data was collected from Auto Motor & Sport, The official McLaren web page and from Prototipo for the Koenigsegg data.
HeilSvenska
03-03-2005, 08:34 PM
Wonderful. That should consign McLaren F1 to the history books.
espen
03-03-2005, 09:12 PM
What about the 9FF T6 that did an officially confirmed 388kph back in february?
sentra_dude
03-03-2005, 09:30 PM
10 years it took them
building speed is so easy, Audi's F1s from the 50's could go above 400 km/h, i mean if its about getting the top speed record it would have taken any company 1 hour to beat that record with a road legal car.
So why didn't any company that had one 1hr do it?
cause they dont care, if it had been THAT importand dont u think Ferrari or Porsche, even Mercedes would have already made something faster ??
Ive said this so many times, the Enzo was supposed to go above 400 km/h, but they didnt do it cause it would sacrifice other performance aspects (like the mclaren).
Even that guy Murray said "we thought Ferrari was gonna release a faster car within months, but they didnt do it", once again, why ? cause its not important for them. Having the top speed record of production cars doesnt mean its the best supercar.
Obviously having the speed record doesn't automatically make it the best supercar, the CCR has not suddenly been pushed to top spot by setting the new speed record, but that doesn't imply the record means nothing.
You are very naive to think this is some kind of 'easy' record to set...to go 240+mph in a production and street legal car is not a simple thing.
stmoritzer
03-04-2005, 08:10 AM
I had the opportunity to speak with the father of Christian von Koeniggsegg at the Geneva Car show, the 400km/h should be easily reached with better weather conditions than they had last monday.....
here's a first pic of the record car, more pics and pics of the CCR will be ready soon (inside pics !!) watch out for a seperate post
http://img13.exs.cx/img13/1447/img1343preview9il.th.jpg (http://img13.exs.cx/my.php?loc=img13&image=img1343preview9il.jpg)
gobs3z
03-04-2005, 12:34 PM
What i don't understand is that the veyron was/is having troubles with tires being able to hold up the to the high speeds it's supposed to reach, but the CCR was able to do it on street legal Michelins without a problem(it actually didn't say if they had issues but i assume they didn't). And the McLaren did it 10+ years ago without tire issues. Did they use street legal tires on the McLaren when it did it's record run?
gobs3z
03-04-2005, 01:04 PM
This is the set-up at the nardo test of the CCR
Car Set-up:
Standard road car fuel, Standard CCR Michelin tires, Standard ride height of the car, standard engine configuration, standard wheel geometries, standard gearbox, standard clutch, standard brakes, standard over boost pressure from the superchargers.
Thats why i found it interesting, i assume Michelin built a special tire for the CCR too, and used that technology for the Veyron, or visversa.
gobs3z
03-04-2005, 01:09 PM
HAHA, all i know is that Michelin is making some big money from these companies, i'm getting some PS2's next, so i guess from me too. :mrgreen:
gobs3z
03-04-2005, 02:36 PM
The 26th at Hooters of Woodfield, and then parading through Chicago, join us please, you're deffinately welcomed!! : Here's the thread http://forums.vwvortex.com/zerothread?id=1859873
guile_mrd
03-11-2005, 12:10 PM
great to see a car that could beat the McLaren F1 .. finally !!
ikon2003
03-14-2005, 10:21 PM
Some people were mentioning tyres etc on the previous page. I can't remember a source (sorry) but I read that anyone who tries to set the official top speed record w/ his/her Veyron will automatically receive new tyres from Bugatti at the end of the testing (regardless of whether they break it or not). This is a testament to 1) how stressful these top speed tests are on a car and 2) Bugatti's desire to become the fastest car in the world, and its encouragement of pursuing that record.
If anyone else had heard this or knos a source or more info, plz feel free to post it. I've also read unofficial claims that the Veyron prototypes have already eclipsed 400kmh.
666fast
03-14-2005, 11:37 PM
The 26th at Hooters of Woodfield, and then parading through Chicago, join us please, you're deffinately welcomed!! : Here's the thread http://forums.vwvortex.com/zerothread?id=1859873
Ever go to Treffen? A couple guys I know took home some trophies from there last year. One of which was Best in Show.
They are setting up to do it all over again. LOL
gobs3z
03-15-2005, 04:06 AM
The 26th at Hooters of Woodfield, and then parading through Chicago, join us please, you're deffinately welcomed!! : Here's the thread http://forums.vwvortex.com/zerothread?id=1859873
Ever go to Treffen? A couple guys I know took home some trophies from there last year. One of which was Best in Show.
They are setting up to do it all over again. LOL
Nawl, i havn't been to Treffen. To be honest i can't stand the majority of vdub owners, they're too ignorant towards other cars. And a lot of them have really bad taste :lol: .
666fast
03-15-2005, 05:09 AM
The 26th at Hooters of Woodfield, and then parading through Chicago, join us please, you're deffinately welcomed!! : Here's the thread http://forums.vwvortex.com/zerothread?id=1859873
Ever go to Treffen? A couple guys I know took home some trophies from there last year. One of which was Best in Show.
They are setting up to do it all over again. LOL
Nawl, i havn't been to Treffen. To be honest i can't stand the majority of vdub owners, they're too ignorant towards other cars. And a lot of them have really bad taste :lol: .
LOL, I know what you mean!
My friend is in the local VW club, thats how I know some of the people that won at Treffen. Some of them have cool cars, the guy who won Best in Show had a Mk2 Golf with a Supercharged VR6. It's been molested now, and the engine is going into a Mk2 Jetta.
gobs3z
03-15-2005, 01:54 PM
Nooooo, not a jetta!! That golf must have had a serious power to weight ratio. Doing that to a golf seems to be the vdubbers dream cause a lot of people i've asked want to do that.
abbor
03-15-2005, 05:41 PM
the KING is dead long live the KING! :D
im more impressed by 9FF given the size of their budget. but congrats to KONI!
Koeningsegg isn't excactly on the highest budget ever though... :)
666fast
03-15-2005, 07:32 PM
Nooooo, not a jetta!! That golf must have had a serious power to weight ratio. Doing that to a golf seems to be the vdubbers dream cause a lot of people i've asked want to do that.
LOL, it was fast, very fast. Dont' worry, the work done on the Jetta so far is awesome, it really looks good. The engine has been rebuilt, this time it's running 15lbs of boost versus the 7 or 8 he was running while it was in the Golf. It'll be fast, very fast. He also swapped the 4 bolt setup for the wheels and brakes from the Golf over to the Jetta. Kirshner wheels, he paid alot for them apparently, from some shop in Denmark. The wheels have been discontinued for 15 years now. The tires are stretched a bit, which i don't really like, but it still looks good. I can't wait to see it when it's done, and score a ride in it! LOL
A short clip featuring this achievement appeared :
http://www.koenigsegg.com/movies/index.asp
Well... Thats quite fast :mrgreen:
I'm confused.. what the heck is this then lol..
Old video of Mclaren F1 test
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96781308/K=mclaren+f1/v=2/SID=w/l=VDP/SIG=12uf00i89/EXP=1113931753/*-http%3A//www.runeb.org/www_docs/Jexoticasite/soundandvideo/McLaren391kmh.mov :?
HeilSvenska
04-19-2005, 07:17 PM
I'm confused.. what the heck is this then lol..
Old video of Mclaren F1 test
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96781308/K=mclaren+f1/v=2/SID=w/l=VDP/SIG=12uf00i89/EXP=1113931753/*-http%3A//www.runeb.org/www_docs/Jexoticasite/soundandvideo/McLaren391kmh.mov :?
read from the beginning.
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